RESUMO
Los errores de medicación constituyen tema prioritario dentro de la estrategia de seguridad del paciente, por lo que es fundamental analizar discrepancias que ocurren entre los medicamentos que se administra el paciente antes de ingresar a la unidad de salud y la prescripción que se le indica durante su hospitalización y al alta. El objetivo del trabajo fue identificar los errores de medicación en pacientes con enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles (ECNT), en un hospital de Tungurahua, Ecuador. Se evaluaron, en un período de tres meses, las anamnesis presentes en historias clínicas de pacientes con ECNT, al ingreso al servicio de emergencia y durante la estancia, traslados intra hospitalarios y el alta; a fin de identificar y clasificar errores encontrados como discrepancias o errores de conciliación. Se encontraron que, de 154 historias clínicas analizadas, en 57 (34,1 %) no existía anamnesis, siendo ésta última realizada de manera correcta en 58 (42,5 %) y de manera incorrecta en 39(23,4 %). Se determinaron 327 discrepancias, 218 durante la estancia hospitalaria y 109 en el momento del alta de los pacientes, siendo la hipertensión arterial en ambos casos la ECNT, con mayor número de discrepancias. Fueron encontradas discrepancias justificadas y discrepancias que requirieron aclaración durante la estancia y alta hospitalaria, identificándose en las primeras una mayor prevalencia de gravedad tipo A, mientras que, las discrepancias de gravedad tipo D correspondieron a las de mayor presencia al momento del alta. (AU)
Medication errors are a priority issue within the strategy of patient safety, so it is essential to analyze discrepancies that occur between the medications administered by the patient before entering the health unit and the prescription that is indicated during their hospitalization and discharge. The objective of the work was to identify medication errors in patients with noncommunicable chronic diseases (NCD), in a hospital in Tungurahua, Ecuador. The anamnesis present in clinical histories of patients with NCD, on admission to the emergency service and during the stay, intrahospital transfers and discharge were evaluated over a period of three months; in order to identify and classify errors found as discrepancies or reconciliation errors. We found that out of 154 clinical histories analyzed, in 57 (34,1 %) there was no anamnesis, the latter being performed correctly in 58 (42,5 %) and incorrectly in 39 (23,4 %). 327 discrepancies were determined, 218 during the hospital stay and 109 at the time of discharge of the patients, with arterial hypertension in both cases being the ECNT, with the greatest number of discrepancies. We found justified discrepancies and discrepancies that required clarification during the hospital stay and discharge, identifying in the former a higher prevalence of type A severity, while the discrepancies of type D severity corresponded to those of greater presence at discharge. (AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Doenças não Transmissíveis , Erros de Medicação , Reconciliação de Medicamentos , Alta do PacienteRESUMO
Graphene oxide (GO) and its reduced form, reduced graphene oxide (rGO), are among the most predominant graphene derivatives because their unique properties make them efficient adsorbent nanomaterials for water treatment. Although extra-functionalized GO and rGO are customarily employed for the removal of pollutants from aqueous solutions, the adsorption of heavy metals on non-extra-functionalized oxidized graphenes has not been thoroughly studied. Herein, the adsorption of mercury(II) (Hg(II)) on eco-friendly-prepared oxidized graphenes is reported. The work covers the preparation of GO and rGO as well as their characterization. In a further stage, the description of the adsorption mechanism is developed in terms of the kinetics, the associated isotherms, and the thermodynamics of the process. The interaction between Hg(II) and different positions of the oxidized graphene surface is explored by DFT calculations. The study outcomes particularly demonstrate that pristine rGO has better adsorbent properties compared to pristine GO and even other extra-functionalized ones.
RESUMO
Los errores de medicación constituyen tema prioritario dentro de la estrategia de seguridad del paciente, por lo que es fundamental analizar discrepancias que ocurren entre los medicamentos que se administra el paciente antes de ingresar a la unidad de salud y la prescripción que se le indica durante su hospitalización y al alta. El objetivo del trabajo fue identificar los errores de medicación en pacientes con enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles (ECNT), en un hospital de Tungurahua, Ecuador. Se evaluaron, en un período de tres meses, las anamnesis presentes en historias clínicas de pacientes con ECNT, al ingreso al servicio de emergencia y durante la estancia, traslados intra hospitalarios y el alta; a fin de identificar y clasificar errores encontrados como discrepancias o errores de conciliación. Se encontraron que, de 154 historias clínicas analizadas, en 57 (34,1%) no existía anamnesis, siendo ésta última realizada de manera correcta en 58 (42,5%) y de manera incorrecta en 39(23,4%). Se determinaron 327 discrepancias, 218 durante la estancia hospitalaria y 109 en el momento del alta de los pacientes, siendo la hipertensión arterial en ambos casos la ECNT, con mayor número de discrepancias. Fueron encontradas discrepancias justificadas y discrepancias que requirieron aclaración durante la estancia y alta hospitalaria, identificándose en las primeras una mayor prevalencia de gravedad tipo A, mientras que, las discrepancias de gravedad tipo D correspondieron a las de mayor presencia al momento del alta
Medication errors are a priority issue within the strategy of patient safety, so it is essential to analyze discrepancies that occur between the medications administered by the patient before entering the health unit and the prescription that is indicated during their hospitalization and discharge. The objective of the work was to identify medication errors in patients with noncommunicable chronic diseases (NCD), in a hospital in Tungurahua, Ecuador. The anamnesis present in clinical histories of patients with NCD, on admission to the emergency service and during the stay, intrahospital transfers and discharge were evaluated over a period of three months; in order to identify and classify errors found as discrepancies or reconciliation errors. We found that out of 154 clinical histories analyzed, in 57 (34,1 %) there was no anamnesis, the latter being performed correctly in 58 (42,5 %) and incorrectly in 39 (23,4 %). 327 discrepancies were determined, 218 during the hospital stay and 109 at the time of discharge of the patients, with arterial hypertension in both cases being the ECNT, with the greatest number of discrepancies. We found justified discrepancies and discrepancies that required clarification during the hospital stay and discharge, identifying in the former a higher prevalence of type A severity, while the discrepancies of type D severity corresponded to those of greater presence at discharge
